Fawzi At Yexlef : « Une langue sans livres est comme une fontaine sans eau »
Fawzi At Yexlef, d ilemẓi i d-tefka temnaḍt n Yimellaḥen, di tama n Ferɛun. D aselmad n tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ, d ameɣnas deg umussu n ufraniman n tmurt n Yiqbayliyen. D amaru i d-yessaẓergen amudd n tullisin s teqbaylit deg useggas n 2018.
Azul. Deg tazwara ini-d i yimeɣriyen anwa i d Fawzi At Yexlef ?
Azul, tanemmirt imi y-id-tefkiḍ tagnit ad mmeslayeɣ. Nekk d Fawzi i d-yekkren deg Yimellaḥen, taɣiwant n Ferεun, agezdu n Bgayet, deg tmurt n Yiqbayliyen. D aselmad n tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ (Taqbaylit) deg uɣerbaz alemmas. D ameɣnas ɣef yizerfan n wumdan. D winn yettnaɣen daɣen ɣef tlelli d timunent n tmurt Taqbaylit.
Tessuffɣeḍ-d yakan yiwen n wamudd n tullisin s tutlayet taqbaylit. Messlay-d fell-as ?
D tidet, yeffeɣ-d udlis-a sin n yiseggasen akka ɣer deffir ɣer teẓrigin « Safriber ». D adlis i wumi nsemma « Tullisin s teqbaylit ». Akken i neqdec deg-s nekk d yinelmaden-iw n uswir wis ukkuẓ (04) ɣef teɣzi n useggas. Akken i t-id-nniɣ yakan deg udlis-nni, tazwara tefrurex-d d tikti kan. Syin nekk s yimmad-iw, ufiɣ inelmaden d wid ikcem lḥir ɣef tira n tullist. Dɣa dinn i nerfed awal ad neqdec deg-sent alma fukkent.
Nedda deg tullisin-a s tallelt n yinelmaden nniḍen n wuswir-nni yakan i aɣ-d-yefkan afus n lemεawna, akken almi d taggara. Fkiɣ-tent i Malek Ḥud i wumi ara iniɣ azul d aḥmayan, yeɣra-tent. Syinn, yella wayen i nreqqeε deg-sent. Yerna i netta i wumi i fkiɣ ad d-yaru awal amenzu deg udlis-a : Tullisin s teqbaylit.
Amek i tufiḍ annar n usiẓreg d uzuzzer n udlis-inek ?
Ad ak-d-iniɣ tidet. Ayen yerzan tiẓrigin, ɣas sεiɣ akka cwiṭ n tikti fell-asent, d acu kan ur msewwaqeɣ ara yid-sent anagar taẓrigt-ayi « Safriber » n tmurt n Fransa d wacu i xedmeɣ. Ad faṛseɣ tagnit, ad iniɣ i bab n teẓrigt-ayi Julien Pecheur tanemmirt d tameqqrant. D netta i iyi-iεawnen s waṭas akken ad d-yeffeɣ udlis-a.
Ma d ayen yeεnan azuzer n udlis, ar tura mazal ur yeffiɣ ara. Iswi-inu tazwara, bɣiɣ kan ad ẓẓuɣ rrezg deg wul n yinelmaden-iw, ladɣa mi ara d-afen isem-nsen deg udlis. D acu kan ahat ɣer sdat, izmer ad yili uzuzur-is deg tnedlisin neɣ ɣer temkerḍiyin.
Amek i tettwaliḍ imal n tsekla Taqbaylit ?
Imal n tsekla taqbaylit, nekk s yimmad-iw, ttwaliɣ-t d win yettaẓen ɣer sdat. Ladɣa leḥsab n yimaruyen yettnernin akked yidlisen i d-yetteffaɣen yall aseggas ama d tamedyazt, d ungalen, d tisɣunin… Nezmer ad d-nini d ayen isefraḥen, maca awi-d ukan ad ilin akter, acku tudert n tutlayt i yecban taqbaylit teqqen ɣer tira-s. Ayen yellan ass-a, d afud i tudert n Teqbaylit n uzekka. Akken i ssarameɣ daɣen ad tennerni tsekla Taqbaylit ama deg wazal neɣ deg leqdic fell-as.
Kečč i iqeddcen deg uselmed n tutlayt-inek tayemmat, d acu i d uguren i d-tettmagareḍ deg uḥric-a ?
Akken ttwaliɣ nekk, ugur i tesεa teqbaylit d tasertit tazzayrit. Teẓram akk amkan i tesεa teqbaylit deg uɣerbaz meẓẓi mliḥ. Neẓra adabu azzayri ur yefki ara azal i tutlayt-nneɣ. Nezmer ad nesɣer s teqbaylit i yecban amezruy, tussna, tussnakt, atg. Maca akken ttwaliɣ, ula mi tt-neseɣṛay d tutlayt, nettaf-d kra yiɣerbazen ur tt-sεeddayen la deg BEM la deg BAC. Dayi di tmurt n Yiqbayliyen. Wamma anda nniḍen, fiḥel ad d-nini. Annect-a d ayen qerriḥen nezzeh.
Iseggasen-a ineggura, yekker wawal d akken taqbaylit ad yettwaru s usekkil n teɛrabt. D acu i d tamuɣli-nwen s yiselmaden n tutlayt ?
Win yettɣilen akken ad naru taqbaylit s usekkil n teεrabt yeɣleḍ deg leḥsab-is. Ma d adabu yeffeɣ-it ṛṛay, ladɣa dayi deg tmurt n Leqbayel. Tamsalt-ayi teddez tebrez. Isdawanen n tmurt n Yiqbayliyen, gezmen-tt di ṛṛay acḥal-aya. Nnan-d d asekkil alatini s wacu ara naru tutlayt-nneɣ. Ma anda nniḍen, d cɣel-nsen.
Yella kra n leqdic neɣ n usenfar sya ɣer zdat i d-tettheyyiḍ ?
Ayen yerzan leqdic neɣ asenfar, izmer ad yili ɣer sdat. Llan widak i bdiɣ yakan s tira. Skud nedder, ilaq ad nessider tameslayt-nneɣ akken ad nseḥbiber fell-as. Ladɣa s wudem-ayi n tira. Acku tutlayt mebla tira, am tala mebla aman.
D acu d izen ara d-tefkeḍ i yilmeẓyen d telmẓyin n tarwa n teqbaylit ?
Izen ara d-fkeɣ akk i yiqbayliyen akken i as-yenna mass Ferḥat Mhenni : « Taqbaylit tezwar kra yellan. ». Yall aqbayli, ilaq ad yawi taqbaylit deg wul-is, ad yernu ad iddu deg ubrid-is. Acku nekkni war taqbaylit, ur nettili ara. Taqbaylit war nekkni, ur tettili ara. Ihi ad d-nini afus deg ufus, taqbaylit ad tt-nerfed d asawen s tefses. Yall yiwen s tunti-s, wa s yimru, wa s tmedyazt, wa s tsertit, wa s ccna, wayeḍ s umeslay, atg. Akka kan i tezmer teqbaylit ad tzuxx yis-neɣ.
Ahat yella kra i tebɣiḍ ad d-tiniḍ, ur ak-id-fkiɣ asteqsi fell-as ?
Acu ara ak-iniɣ. Ass-a taqbaylit, nnig wayen i d-nenna akk fell-as, di tidet d taluft n tsertit. Daɣen anda ur ilaq ara ad t-nettu, Mulud At Mεemmer yenna-t-id yakan deg yiwet n tdiwennit anda i as-yeqqar : « Tasertit ma deg ufus n ugdud i tella, tutlayt-is d yidles-is ad nnernin ad imɣuren. Ma tasertit deg ufus n ubeṛṛani i tella, tutlayt ɣas ma ihedder-itt ugdud, ur tesεid anda ara tessiweḍ. ». Ihi s wayen ara as-nefk nekkni afud i teqbaylit ilaq ad neqdec. Teqqim-d taluft n tsertit, ad d-yaweḍ wass-is.
Awal n taggara, s wayes ara d-nessali tadiwennit-a ?
Ad ak-iniɣ i kečč tanemmirt s tussda ɣef tdiwennit-a. Tanemmirt ɣef wayen tqedceḍ daɣen i teqbaylit. Ad tt-id-seggriɣ s wawal n Zedek Mulud acennay ameqqran n teqbaylit iḥemmleɣ mliḥ. Ad d-ḥyuɣ awal-is anda i as-yenna : « Winn ur tɣaḍ teqbaylit, awer timlilit. »
